We wish everyone safe and healthy during the outbreak of COVID-19. Stay strong and safe at this time! Have you been neglecting your mental health due to the news regarding the COVID-19 outbreak? This stress may take a toll on your health.

What is stress? And what are the physical and emotional signs of stress? When it comes to dealing with stress and stress management, it’s important to recognize the signs first. Listen to your body. It gives many signals that show you it’s time to destress. Sometimes you may think you’re not stressed, but your body can tell you otherwise!

#stress #dealingwithstress

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Stress Meditation Video:

Calming Relaxing Anxiety-Free Frequency:

Credits
Script Writer: Winnie Chen – https://www.instagram.com/bitsofpsychology/
Story Board: Winnie Chen
VO: Amanda Silvera
Animator: Ben Carswell
YouTube Manager: Cindy Cheong

Citations:

Drake, C. L., Pillai, V., & Roth, T. (2014, August 1). Stress and sleep reactivity: a prospective investigation of the stress-diathesis model of insomnia. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4096198/.

Hammen, C., Kim, E. Y., Eberhart, N. K., & Brennan, P. A. (2009). Chronic and acute stress and the prediction of major depression in women. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19496077.

How stress affects your body and behavior. (2019, April 4). Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/in-depth/stress-symptoms/art-20050987.

Kandiah, J., Yake, M., Jones, J., & Meyer, M. (2006, May 18). Stress influences appetite and comfort food preferences in college women. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0271531705002836.

Link, R. (2018, January 7). 11 Signs and Symptoms of Too Much Stress. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/symptoms-of-stress.

Stress Symptoms: Physical Effects of Stress on the Body. (2019, August 1). Retrieved from https://www.webmd.com/balance/stress-management/stress-symptoms-effects_of-stress-on-the-body.

Ursin, H. (2012). Psychobiology of Stress A Study of Coping Men. Burlington: Elsevier Science.
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By Marc Braman, MD, MPH

For references and transcript visit http://www.lifestylefacts.org/hypertension-101-stress-emotions

For more on lifestyle medicine visit http://www.lifestylefacts.org/
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Famous Physical Therapists Bob Schrupp and Brad Heineck demonstrate 3 signs that you may have a stress fracture in your shin bone or tibia (instead of shin splints).

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HOW STRESS AFFECTS YOUR IMMUNITY AND HOW IT MAKES YOU SICK.

Support Us on Patreon : https://www.patreon.com/medsimplfied

Stress is a feeling of emotional or physical strain and pressure.
Stress can be positive or negative.
Positive stress is beneficial and healthy.
It helps in improving performance, motivation and adaptation.
Negative stress is a Pandora’s box full of problems
It decreases performance, demotivates the individual and leads to
mental and physical problems.

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Stress is a threat, real or perceived, to homeostasis – the body’s normal functional equilibrium. This pervasive phenomenon elicits a physiological response, which, if disproportionate, either in magnitude or duration sustained, can be detrimental to the body. The body has mechanisms in place to repair the resulting damage once the stressor has passed, but chronic stress disrupts these mechanisms. As we age, the delicate balance between damage and restoration progressively tips, and impairments accumulate. Prolonged stress can affect how quickly we age and when we begin to show signs of pathology. Nearly two thirds of diseases are thought to be triggered by stress, and daily stress can increase an individual’s risk for developing non-communicable diseases, or NCDs. An NCD is a disease that is not infectious and not communicable, as it is not caused by an infectious agent. Examples of such diseases include heart disease, obesity, and osteoporosis.
The stress response evolved to act in short spurts to increase an individual’s odds of survival in the face of immediate danger. It works by temporarily optimizing the body’s performance through the neglect of digestion, growth, reproduction, and immune functions. When this system is abused through the presence of chronic stress, and high levels of glucocorticoids are maintained for long periods, this neglect of important body maintenance functions can lead to various disorders, including high blood pressure, diabetes, and hyperthyroidism.
One mechanism by which stress can lead to certain NCDs is by raising the appeal of an unhealthy lifestyle. Individuals employ coping methods to alleviate stress in the moment, and eventually pay the price for the cumulative impacts. One study found that financial stress over a prolonged period increased an individual’s risk of becoming obese by 20%. Another found that nurses with work schedules at unfavourable hours were more likely to practice unhealthy behaviours, including alcohol consumption and smoking. These nurses, especially those that were female, were also more likely to eat due to stress, and these meals were less likely be nutritious. Unsurprisingly, the authors’ major finding was that nurses with unfavourable schedules were more prone to obesity.
Persons experiencing chronic stress are also more likely to take up smoking and ingest more alcohol. However, research suggests that these lifestyle aspects, while detrimental to health, are not the primary cause of an increased risk of stroke and transient ischemic attack. Stress is that primary cause.
There has been little evolution in the body’s stress-coping mechanisms over the past several thousand years, despite changes to society and demands from individuals. As a result, a person’s physiological response to the stress of being late for an appointment, worrying about their mark for a test, or losing their job resembles that which occurred in a time when stress was acute and very extreme – potentially involving risk of death from a predator or from starvation.
In developed countries such as the USA and Canada, NCDs are the most common cause of death, and countries around the world that are shifting from agrarian to post-industrial societies are witnessing increasing prevalence of these disorders. Curiously, almost 80% of deaths due to NCDs occur in countries of low to mid-level incomes. Perhaps this is a result of increasingly sedentary lifestyles and rapid urbanization.
More than half of the world’s population lives in cities and this number is increasing. Studies demonstrate that individuals brought up in cities have a different response to stress compared to those brought up in a rural environment, even if these people moved to cities as adults. City-dwellers have a relatively large amount of firing in the amygdala and cingulate cortex when presented with a social stressor, indicating a stronger emotional response. Possibly this difference could mean that individuals who grew up in cities are more prone to mental disorders.
Given the lag in the evolution of the stress response, it cannot be expected that individuals will experience less activation of the stress response systems in the face of adversity. This fact highlights the importance of work-life balance and taking care of one’s mental health.

Body Systems vectors from Adobe Stock and many of the other images are from Pixabay and FootageCrate

View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-stress-affects-your-body-sharon-horesh-bergquist

Our hard-wired stress response is designed to gives us the quick burst of heightened alertness and energy needed to perform our best. But stress isn’t all good. When activated too long or too often, stress can damage virtually every part of our body. Sharon Horesh Bergquist gives us a look at what goes on inside our body when we are chronically stressed.

Lesson by Sharon Horesh Bergquist, animation by Adriatic Animation.
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Check out our Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/teded

View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-stress-affects-your-brain-madhumita-murgia

Stress isn’t always a bad thing; it can be handy for a burst of extra energy and focus, like when you’re playing a competitive sport or have to speak in public. But when it’s continuous, it actually begins to change your brain. Madhumita Murgia shows how chronic stress can affect brain size, its structure, and how it functions, right down to the level of your genes.

Lesson by Madhumita Murgia, animation by Andrew Zimbelman.
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Fort Lauderdale, FL cardiac imaging specialist Claudio Smuclovisky, MD, talks about the most common cause of death in the world – heart disease – and how technology at Holy Cross Hospital in South Florida can detect cardiovascular disease years before it is detectable by traditional tests and screenings. Cardiac CT using our 256 slice CT scanner provides detailed 3D images of the heart, its vessels, involves 90% less radiation than nuclear stress testing, and the images are acquired rapidly – within two heart beats.

Talk to your doctor about the importance of cardiovascular screenings. To make an appointment for a cardiac CT at the Holy Cross Harry T. Mangurian, Jr., Diagnostic Imaging Center, call 954-202-0277.

Learn more about Dr. Smuclovisky at http://www.holy-cross.com/claudio-smuclovisky-md.

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An exercise stress test is a screening tool used to test the effect of exercise on your heart. This test is done at a medical center or health care provider’s office.

The technician will place 10 flat, sticky patches called electrodes on your chest. These are attached to an ECG monitor that follows the electrical activity of your heart during the test.

You will walk on a treadmill or pedal on an exercise bicycle. Slowly (usually every 3 minutes), you will be asked to walk (or pedal) faster and on an incline. It is like walking fast or jogging up a hill.

While you exercise, the activity of your heart is measured with an electrocardiogram (ECG), and your blood pressure readings are taken.

Learn more about cardiovascular services at Allegiance Health at www.allegiancehealth.org/heartcare
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Some simple ways to de-stress!
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Dr. Paul Thompson talks about how imaging has revealed the positive effects of exercise on the brain as well as the detrimental effects of stress and cortisol on the brain.

For more information visit:

http://www.loni.ucla.edu/

http://www.humanconnectomeproject.org/

Photos courtesy of: LONI, the Human Connectome Project

For NIBIB’s Copyright Policy: https://www.nibib.nih.gov/policies#copyright
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This video is intended to spread awareness about the long-term effects of stress. Everyone experiences stress everyday, it can come from any source. Some examples include emotional, physical or job related stress. Stress is our body’s primitive way of responding to any kind of internal or external demand or threat. The short-term effects of stress may not be serious but prolonged exposure to stress can lead to very serious long-term effects on the body.
Thus, this video will be outlining the some of the long-term effects on the body such as an increase in heart attacks, obesity and development of diabetes. This video will also be discussing the three stress hormones; cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine. Cortisol, which is the major stress hormone, is released from the adrenal cortex. Epinephrine which is also referred to as adrenaline and norepinephrine, referred to as noradrenaline are released from the adrenal medulla.

This video was made by 4DM3 students Vyshnavi Mahendran, Tamandeep Khangura, Humaira Nakhuda, Mateen Akhtar and Andrew Nashed.
Copyright McMaster University 2016

Please let us know how we can improve our videos and additional topics should be addressed below.

References:
Al’Abadie, M. S., Kent, G. G., & Gawkrodger, D. J. (1994). The relationship between stress and the onset and exacerbation of psoriasis and other skin conditions. British Journal of Dermatology, 130(2), 199-203.
Asthma and Allergy Foundation of Amercia. (2015) Asthma facts and Figures. (n.p). Retrieved October 18,2016 from http://www.aafa.org/page/asthma-facts.aspx
Bhatia, V., & Tandon, R. K. (2005). Stress and the gastrointestinal tract. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology, 20(3), 332-339.
Deanfield, J., Kensett, M., Wilson, R., Shea, M., Horlock, P., De Landsheere, C., & Selwyn, A. (1984). Silent myocardial ischaemia due to mental stress. The Lancet, 324(8410), 1001-1005.
Desborough, J. P. (2000). The stress response to trauma and surgery. British journal of anaesthesia, 85(1), 109-117.
Ghiadoni, L., Donald, A. E., Cropley, M., Mullen, M. J., Oakley, G., Taylor, M., … & Deanfield, J. E. (2000). Mental stress induces transient endothelial dysfunction in humans. Circulation, 102(20), 2473-2478.
Health Canada. (2008). Mental Health-Coping with Stress (n.p). Retrieved October 18, 2016, from http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hl-vs/iyh-vsv/life-vie/stress-eng.php
Kemeny, M. E. (2003). The psychobiology of stress. Current directions in psychological science, 12(4), 124-129.
Lundberg, U. (2005). Stress hormones in health and illness: the roles of work and gender. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 30(10), 1017-1021.
Ranabir, S., & Reetu, K. (2011). Stress and hormones. Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism, 15(1), 18.
Statistics Canada.(2014).Overweight and obese adults (n.p). Retrieved October 21, 2016, from http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2015001/article/14185-eng.htm
Steptoe, A., & Kivimäki, M. (2012). Stress and cardiovascular disease. Nature Reviews Cardiology, 9(6), 360-370.
Surwit, R. S., Schneider, M. S., & Feinglos, M. N. (1992). Stress and diabetes mellitus. Diabetes care, 15(10), 1413-1422.
Torres, S. J., & Nowson, C. A. (2007). Relationship between stress, eating behavior, and obesity. Nutrition, 23(11), 887-894.
World Health Organization.(2016). Global report on Psoriasis. Retrieved October 18, 2016, from http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/204417
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