Types of bipolar disorder, pathophysiology, causes, risk factors, symptoms, criteria for manic, hypomanic and depressive episodes, mixed episodes; diagnosis and treatments.

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Bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic-depressive disorder, is a very severe and relatively common mental illness characterized by extreme mood swings between episodes of emotional highs and lows, that is, between mania or hypomania and depression.
The episodes can last anywhere from several weeks to several months. Depressive episodes typically last longer than manic or hypomanic episodes. Some patients only have a few episodes during their lifetime, while others experience multiple episodes a year. In between episodes, patients may have residual symptoms, or no symptoms at all.
Bipolar disorder can occur at any age, but it is most often diagnosed in teens and young adults.
The cause likely involves complex interactions of biological and psychological factors. Bipolar disorder is perhaps the most heritable psychiatric disorder. It has a significant genetic component that implicates multiple genes. The condition is associated with neurodegeneration in some brain areas, dysregulation of several neurotransmitters, and hormone imbalances. Stressful life events, as well as substance abuse and certain medications, can trigger episodes or exacerbate symptoms.
There are several types of bipolar disorder:
Bipolar I disorder is defined as having at least one full-blown manic episode, with or without depressive episodes.
Bipolar II disorder is when patients have at least one major depressive episode and at least one hypomanic episode, but never had a full-blown manic episode.
Cyclothymic disorder is when patients have at least two years of both hypomanic and depressive episodes, but never had a major depressive or a full-blown manic episode.
Other types include disorders with clear bipolar pattern but the episodes do not meet the criteria for any specific type.
A manic episode is defined as at least one week of a persistently elevated or irritable mood with at least 3 of the following symptoms:
– Increased energy or irritability
– Decreased need for sleep
– Inflated sense of self-worth or confidence
– Unusual talkativeness, rapid flow of speech
– Racing of thoughts
– Increased distractibility
– and participating in high-risk activities without regard for consequences
In some cases, mania may trigger a complete break from reality, known as psychosis.
A major depressive episode is defined as at least 2 weeks of at least 5 of the following symptoms:
– Depressed mood, feeling sad or hopeless
– Loss of interest in all or almost all activities
– Significant weight gain or loss; or increased or decreased appetite
– Difficulty sleeping or sleeping too much
– Increased restlessness or unusual sluggishness
– Fatigue
– Feeling worthless or guilty, fixating on past failures or mistakes
– Difficulty thinking, concentrating or making decisions
– Having suicidal thoughts or attempts
A small number of patients may have mixed episodes with alternate manic and depressive symptoms. Mixed episodes are considered most severe, as risk of suicide is high, and prognosis is poor.
Diagnosis is based on criteria for bipolar disorders published by the American Psychiatric Association. Physical conditions, such as hyperthyroidism, and substance use, must be ruled out.
Medications typically include mood stabilizers such as lithium, and antipsychotics. Because antidepressants may trigger manic episodes, they are usually prescribed in combination with a mood stabilizer or antipsychotic, and only for severe depression.
It may take some time to establish the right medications and dosage. Patients must be monitored for adverse effects.
Electroconvulsive therapy, in which electrical currents induce a brief seizure, may be a good option for people who do not respond to, or cannot take medications.
Psychotherapy is generally more effective for depressive episodes because manic patients tend to believe they are in their best mental state.
Psychoeducation, together with support systems, are an important part of long-term treatment plan to prevent future episodes.
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For more information about bipolar disorder, please visit https://cle.clinic/3KicmzO

About 5.7 million adults in the U.S. have bipolar disorder. The lifelong mental health condition, which includes four different types, is known for the maniac and depressive episodes someone experiences.

Chapters:
0:00 Intro
0:26 What is bipolar disorder?
0:50 What does a manic episode feel like?
1:18 What does a depressive episode feel like?
2:00 How to manage bipolar disorder

Resources:
Bipolar Disorder (Manic Depression): Symptoms & Treatment – https://cle.clinic/3KicmzO
Bipolar disorder | NAMI: National Alliance on Mental Illness – http://bit.ly/414vyaT
NIMH: Digital Shareables on Bipolar Disorder – http://bit.ly/3GlwIH8

The information in this video was accurate as of 4.7.2023 and is for information purposes only. Consult your local medical authority or your healthcare practitioner for advice.

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In many areas of the U.S. and around the world, people are being told to stay home and avoid travel due to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, travel restrictions may not apply to employees of critical industries, such as trucking, public health professionals, financial services, and food supply. So what should someone do if they develop symptoms consistent with COVID-19 while traveling?

Here’s what Dr. Abinash Virk, an infectious diseases expert at Mayo Clinic, says you should do if you’re away from home and develop symptoms such as fever, cough and shortness of breath:

Read more: https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/covid-19-what-to-do-if-you-develop-symptoms-while-away-from-home/

More health and medical news on the Mayo Clinic News Network. https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/

Journalists: Clean and nat sound versions of this pkg available for download at https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/

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High cholesterol leads to premature blockages in the heart arteries, heart attacks and strokes. But how do you know if you have high cholesterol? What are the symptoms? The answer is that the majority of people have no symptoms at all until they have a heart attack or a stroke! High cholesterol works in the background causing atherosclerosis, slowly furring up the arteries all over the body. The only way to know if you have it is to get a blood cholesterol check by your doctor.

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Find out about some of the bizarre symptoms you might experience if you have low vitamin D.

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Vitamin D Toxicity: ▶️ https://youtu.be/H_U5QRk_Wrc

DATA:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3849670/

0:00 Introduction: Common vitamin D deficiency symptoms
1:30 11 surprising vitamin D deficiency signs
5:56 Vitamin D3 deficiency explained
9:40 How much vitamin D should I take?
13:30 Take vitamin D3 with the cofactors

Today, I’m going to tell you about some of the symptoms that you probably didn’t know were related to vitamin D deficiency. The most common signs that you’re vitamin D deficient include lower back pain, depression, high blood pressure, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases.

Blood tests only show you the inactive form of vitamin D and don’t tell you about vitamin D at the cellular level. Instead, look out for some of the surprising signs of vitamin D deficiency.

1. Head sweating
This is typically seen in infants but can also be seen in teenagers and adults.

2. Sweating more at night
If you’re vitamin D deficient, you may sweat excessively, even if the room is cool. You might also wake up with a moist pillow.

3. Mood swings
Vitamin D controls mood regulation, so if you’re deficient, you could experience a range of moods in a short time.

4. Procrastinating
If you constantly put things off for later, you could be vitamin D deficient!

5. Panic attacks
Low vitamin D levels can cause panic attacks, so try taking high doses of vitamin D3 if you’re experiencing them.

6. Achiness
Achiness in the pelvis, lower back, hips, and upper legs is often a sign of low vitamin D.

7. Loss of muscle strength
If you have low vitamin D, you won’t have enough calcium in the muscles. Calcium allows the muscle to contract and is also involved in muscle production.

8. Stiffness
Stiffness related to vitamin D deficiency usually occurs in the knees and fingers. This is related to inflammation, weakened cartilage, and weakened collagen.

9. Chronic fatigue
Vitamin D supports your mitochondria, the energy factories of the cell. Without enough vitamin D, you can’t make energy.

10. Slowed down thinking
Vitamin D deficiency can cause diminished cognitive function.

11. Difficulty feeling satisfied
If you’re vitamin D deficient, you might not feel satisfied after eating, and you’ll have a tendency to overeat.

Consider taking around 10,000 to 20,000 IU of vitamin D3 per day, along with the cofactors magnesium, vitamin K2, zinc, and vitamin B6.

Dr. Eric Berg DC Bio:
Dr. Berg, age 59, is a chiropractor who specializes in Healthy Ketosis & Intermittent Fasting. He is the author of the best-selling book The Healthy Keto Plan, and is the Director of Dr. Berg Nutritionals. He no longer practices, but focuses on health education through social media.

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Disclaimer:
Dr. Eric Berg received his Doctor of Chiropractic degree from Palmer College of Chiropractic in 1988. His use of “doctor” or “Dr.” in relation to himself solely refers to that degree. Dr. Berg is a licensed chiropractor in Virginia, California, and Louisiana, but he no longer practices chiropractic in any state and does not see patients, so he can focus on educating people as a full-time activity, yet he maintains an active license. This video is for general informational purposes only. It should not be used to self-diagnose, and it is not a substitute for a medical exam, cure, treatment, diagnosis, prescription, or recommendation. It does not create a doctor-patient relationship between Dr. Berg and you. You should not make any change in your health regimen or diet before first consulting a physician and obtaining a medical exam, diagnosis, and recommendation. Always seek the advice of a physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.

#keto #ketodiet #weightloss #ketolifestyle

Thanks for watching! I hope this increases your awareness about some of the more bizarre vitamin D deficiency symptoms. I’ll see you in the next video.
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Chapters

0:00 Introduction
0:39 Symptoms of dry cough
1:14 Causes of dry cough
2:59 Treatment and home remedies for dry cough
4:43 When to seek medical attention

Introduction:
A dry cough can be incredibly frustrating, disrupting our daily lives and leaving us longing for relief. In this blog, we will explore the world of dry coughs, understanding their causes, symptoms, and discovering effective remedies to soothe that persistent tickle in your throat. Let’s embark on a journey to conquer the dry cough monster!

Understanding Dry Cough:
A dry cough, also known as a non-productive cough, is a cough that doesn’t produce any mucus or phlegm. Unlike a productive cough, which helps clear the airways, a dry cough can be quite bothersome and may leave you feeling irritated and exhausted.

Causes of Dry Cough:

Respiratory Infections: Dry coughs often occur as a result of respiratory infections like the common cold, flu, or bronchitis. These infections irritate the throat and airways, triggering a dry cough.

Allergies: Allergies to substances such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander, or certain foods can lead to a dry cough. When these allergens irritate the airways, the body responds with coughing as a defense mechanism.

Asthma: People with asthma may experience a dry cough as a symptom of their condition. Asthma-related coughs are usually accompanied by wheezing and shortness of breath.

Postnasal Drip: When excess mucus drips down the back of the throat from the nasal passages, it can cause irritation and trigger a dry cough.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Acid reflux from the stomach into the esophagus can sometimes reach the throat, leading to a persistent dry cough.

Managing and Treating Dry Cough:

Stay Hydrated: Drinking plenty of fluids helps keep the throat moist and can soothe a dry cough. Opt for warm water, herbal teas, or warm broths to provide additional relief.

Honey and Lemon: Mixing honey and lemon in warm water can provide temporary relief for a dry cough. Honey soothes the throat, while lemon’s acidity can help break down mucus.

Steam Inhalation: Inhaling steam from a bowl of hot water or taking a hot shower can help relieve congestion and ease a dry cough.

Over-the-Counter Medications: Certain over-the-counter cough suppressants or throat lozenges may provide temporary relief. However, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional before using any medication, especially if you have an underlying medical condition.

Humidify the Air: Using a humidifier or placing a bowl of water near a heat source can add moisture to the air and alleviate a dry cough, especially during dry winter months.

When to Seek Medical Attention:
While most dry coughs are harmless and resolve on their own, there are situations where medical attention may be necessary. Consult a healthcare professional if:

Your dry cough persists for more than three weeks.
You experience shortness of breath, chest pain, or cough up blood.
Your dry cough is accompanied by other severe symptoms like high fever or significant weight loss.
Conclusion:
Dry coughs can be bothersome, but armed with the right knowledge and remedies, we can conquer the persistent tickle in our throats. Remember to address the underlying causes of your dry cough and try various soothing methods to find the relief you seek. If your symptoms persist or worsen, it’s always best to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and guidance. Here’s to a cough-free future!

Lung cancer symptoms may include coughing up blood, shortness of breath, an unexplained cough and more. Watch as a doctor describes what to look for, and learn more at https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/lung-cancer/symptoms.
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Over 37 million people in the U.S. have diabetes and that number is climbing. Here are the signs and symptoms.

RELATED: This new diabetes drug could be a game changer for obesity https://bit.ly/3WRyzck

Diabetes is expected to surge dramatically in young people over the next several decades in what experts say should be a wake-up call to prioritize health in America.

Researchers estimate that in 2060, there could be as many as 220,000 people under age 20 with Type 2 diabetes, an increase of nearly 700%, according to a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention study released Thursday. Those with Type 1, the most common type in young people, could see a 65% increase.

Overall, the findings estimate that more than half a million young people could have diabetes in 2060, if current rates continue and with population increase. In 2017, that number was 213,000, according to the study published in American Diabetes Association’s Diabetes Care.

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The numbers are surely attention getting: nearly 7 million Americans have undiagnosed diabetes. What gets less notice are the early warning signs.

“If they’re not going to their doctor, if they’re not seeing their physician they’re not having those lab works, they’re not reporting their signs they could just be going along with their normal daily activities,” says Melanie Aracri, a certified diabetes educator for Lee Health.

All too often patients show up at a hospital in a health crisis and find out they have highly elevated blood sugar. New studies find 1 in 10 heart attack patients may have undetected diabetes. We’ve broken down 5 warnings signs that should get your attention.

“The three classic signs of high blood sugar, we call them the three “P”s: polyphagia, polydipsia, and polyuria. Those are increased thirst, increased hunger, and increased urination,” says Aracri.

It’s easy to minimize increased thirst, especially when it’s hot. And frequent urination seems to naturally follow. But experts say it could be our body’s way of flushing extra glucose.

“The kidney has to work really hard to get that blood sugar out, that blood glucose out when it’s high,” says Aracri.

Wounds that don’t heal could be another warning sign.

“The body’s not able to fight that infection because of that extra glucose in the system,” says Aracri.

Frequent yeast or urinary tract infections may also be a red flag many people fail to consider. The earlier diabetes is picked up, the easier it is to avoid complications.

“it’s a learning how to adapt your eating pattern, your meal plan to your lifelong activities and daily habits,” says Aracri.
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B symptoms refer to systemic symptoms of fever, night sweats, and weight loss which can be associated with both Hodgkin’s lymphoma and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The presence or absence of B symptoms has prognostic significance and is reflected in the staging of these lymphomas.

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Hepatitis B is a liver #infection caused by the #hepatitis B virus (HBV). As one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) worldwide, this virus is spread through the blood, semen, or bodily fluids of a person who has the virus; however, it can also be spread from mother to baby at birth.

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0:13 – What is hepatitis B?
0:39 – How is hepatitis B transmitted?
1:21 – What are the signs of hepatitis B?
2:11 – What is the test for hepatitis B?
2:21 – What are the potential complications of hepatitis B?
3:00 – How to get tested?

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In this Hippo Short, learn about the types of extrapyramidal symptoms caused by anti-psychotic medications, as well as their timing and treatment. For more courses from Hippo Education, visit https://bit.ly/35nY2mu
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If you were having a heart attack, would you be able to recognize the symptoms, or would you be in denial? One man hopes his experience serves as a warning to others.
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Sakra RX – Your Daily Dose of Health by Dr. Sreekanth Shetty (Senior Consultant & Head – Interventional Cardiology) as he talks about how cholesterol affects our body & what to do to control cholesterol levels in the blood.

Watch the video to know more.

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Dr. Sreekanth Shetty performs most of his angioplasties through the Trans-radial route (Through the wrist), even for complex angioplasties such as those involving large side branches (Bifurcation stenting) and for heart attacks (Primary PCI / Heart Attack Angioplasty). This helps achieve excellent results with great patient comfort and minimal risk of complications. He is also known for his consistent success in opening Chronic Total Occlusions which are considered the final frontier in coronary interventions. He believes in exploring new frontiers to provide the best available care to his patients for the betterment of their lives. He firmly believes in honest communication which allows patients to make fully informed choices.

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